In Peru, a stupid or naive person who acts without thinking. One of the most commonly used insults in the country, though among close friends it can shift into something almost affectionate.

A collective voluntary work tradition where an entire community gathers to help one of its members with a large task. Deep-rooted in Andean culture, the minga represents solidarity and reciprocity as social values.

In Peru, someone shrewd, street-smart, and skilled at navigating difficult situations with cunning and creativity. The criolla viveza is a cultural survival skill — getting what you need through wit and charm.

Across the Spanish-speaking world, to air someone's dirty laundry — to expose private secrets or embarrassing information publicly. The most dramatic way to settle a dispute.