A rushed, sloppy job done badly and left half-finished. In Spain, a 'chapuza' is the renovation that makes everything worse, the repair that broke two other things, the shortcut that turned into a disaster. The bricklayer who did a chapuza is somewhere between criminal and legendary.

To go too far, overstep a limit, or cross a line. In Spain, 'te la estás pasando' is what people say when someone exceeds acceptable behavior — the joke went too far, the comment was out of line, or someone pushed things past the point of return.

A naive, gullible person who falls for tricks easily because they don't know the rules of the game. In Spain, the 'pardillo' is the one who clicks on phishing emails, pays full price without negotiating, or believes obvious lies — not stupid, just dangerously trusting.

Something of terrible quality, worthless, or completely useless in Spain. Calling something 'birria' means it has no redeeming value — the team played like birria, the presentation was birria, the restaurant was birria. Dismissive and absolute.